What Should We Make of Philly's Decision to Extend School Managers Contracts?
As reported by
Catherine Gewertz at
Education Week,
Mensah Dean at the
Philadelphia Daily News and
Martha Woodall of the
Philadelphia Inquirer,
that city's School Reform Commission decided 3-1 to extend the
contracts of the district's six private school managers for another
school year. The organizations will remain in the 38 schools they now
operate, including 12 where their test performance is generally
considered unsatisfactory.
Payment arrangements have been altered. Recognizing the district's
financial problems, all providers will now be paid $500 over the
average per pupil expenditure in schools managed by the central office.
This amounts to a $250 cut for Edison and Victory Schools, as well as
nonprofits Universal Companies and Foundations Inc., and a $50 raise
for Temple University and the University of Pennsylvania.
The Commission also announced its intent to seek proposals to turn
around on the order of 60 schools in corrective action status under
NCLB, including 17 now managed by the six providers.
Observations:
1.
By keeping the existing contracts and providers in place, the
Commission is in a better position to manage the district overall.
While there are practical reasons for the contract extension -
the disruption of transitioning schools back to district management for
the coming school year, the fact that state assistance to the city's
schools is tied to having outside contractors, and the advantages of
coordinating the end of the school management contracts with the
issuance of the new RFP - they all point to a larger truth. The
Commission understands the advantage of "live options."
Here school management providers are not relevant so much because they raise test scores,
but because they shift the balance of power in district management from
the unions and bureacracy back to the Commission. Yes, they are on the
whole doing no better than the traditional system, but they are also
doing no worse. This is a point for all school boards to ponder. Before
school managers
came along, the best alternative to a negotiated
agreement
(BATNA) that boards had with teachers unions and accepting bureacratic resistrance to
change was a strike. With outside managers, the union's best
alternative
to an agreement with the board, and the bureaucracy's best alternative
to accepting reform, is fewer jobs. The possibility of expanding
management companies' work gives the unions and bureaucracies pause in
their negotiations with the administration. They have no other employer
to negotiate with as a group. By the same token, the possibility that a
management organization could lose its contracts to the bureaucracy or
another provider - or expanding their contracts in a district,
puts the school board in a better negotiation position with each
management organization.
2.
It's not clear whether the providers dodged a bullet or took
one. The small raise is trivial for the universities; the pay cut
is anything but trivial for the rest. Consider the two for-profits.
Philly represents about one third of Victory Schools' network. Weighing
the cost of walking away from that, the possibility of additional
uncompensated costs if it stays and trys to improve performance, and -
it is successful - the possibility of winning contracts for some of the
60 schools about to come on the market, it's not surprising that they
immediately expressed an intention to accept the contract extension.
For Edison, the picture is more complicated. On the one hand, its
school network is much larger than Victory's, but since the firm offers a
wide range of services, it's hard to say just how important the Philly
contract is as a matter of gross margin or net revenue. It is their
largest contract in their largest state.
More important, while the Commission's extension decision suggests that
doing no better than the district is not necessarily an end to doing
business with that district, it's probably not good enough to win a
school management contract with the next district. If Edison walks from
Philly, it will be a long time before it gets another contract of that
magnitude. If it takes the offer and succeeds in improving test scores,
Edison will substantially increase its prospects for winning new work
in new cities, as well as gaining more work in Philly.
Your editor predicts Edison will take the offer, because its owners
will not prefer the strategic alternative. Whether the firm decides to walk
or gamble and then fail, it will have to downsize and retrench, because
it will not grow in any significant way for several years. A dice toss
makes more sense.
3. Are the providers' managements and boards pyschologically committed to do "whatever it takes" to raise scores
significantly in the next year, do they have the resources, and even with unlimited resources
is
it possible to make politicaly significant improvements in school performance in the next year?
As for the last question; other things being equal, your editor would
bet against it. There are few such miracles in school reform.
However,
if your editor were placed in charge of the effort and given the
corporate checkbook he would do certain things. First, create an
Individualized Educational Plan for each of the lowest
performing students, pay attention to it daily, and bring in a group of
experts to help make sure each student is diagnosed correctly,
receiving the right treatments, and on the right path. Second, get
every student the best tutoring program for their particular learning
challenge - whether or not it happens to be Newton. Third, increase the
ratio of
instructional staff to students, by bringing in senior specialists in
Edison's curriculm programs like Success for All, and hiring teaching
assistants in whatever guise necessary - teacher trainees, interns etc.
Fourth, put Edison-controlled staff on a six-day work week, with
Saturday devoted to "attack planning" for the next week. Fifth, create
some kind of a "war room" in Philly to provide the intelligence and
warning required to redeploy Edison controlled resources as needed.
Sixth, keep as many kids after school as possible, in tutoring or
enrichment. Seventh, any and every action that will marginally improve
the prospects for improved performance. Eigth, a school-wide bonus
program if the required performance target is achieved. In short,
a "controlled swarm" of approaches aimed at improving the test
performance of specific students.
If Edison simply does what it has been doing in Philly, except better
on the margins, it won't get the dramatic improvements it needs.
Nevertheless, your editor expects that's exactly what the firm will
chose to do; in which case they should walk away - using
the pay cut as justification, start to retrench and retool, and prepare
to re-enter the market in a big way two years from now.